Electronics Practice Exam
About Electronics
Electronics is about electrical circuits which are based on active electrical components like transistors, diodes, integrated circuits, opto-electronics, as well as sensors, associated passive electrical components, and interconnection technologies.
Electronics involves designing, developing and testing of electronic equipment as needed in various systems. Electronics deals with basic Electronics, microprocessors, solid-state devices, digital and analogue communication.
Electronics with advancements have made inroads in all aspects of everyday life. Electronics is a major industry across the globe.
There is a huge need for electronics products which range from simple electronics connectors to complex electronics control equipment. New opportunities are emerging for Electronics engineers who needs to be assessed and skilled in
- Number Systems, Logic Expression and Minimisation
- Amplifiers, Diodes and BPTs
- MOSFET and OpAmps
- Digital Circuits
- Combinatorial Logic Systems
- Combinatorial Logic Modules
- Sequential Logic Systems
- Programmable Logic Devices
There is a tremendous growth to develop better performing electronic products by research and development or innovation in all electronics companies.
Electronics companies across the globe are employing and requiresmillions of professionals for production, maintenance and innovation in Electronics products.
Why is Certification in Electronics important?
In order to grasp the relevance of Electronics you must understand how Electronics has penetrated in everyday life and importance it holds in everyone’s life. We cannot function without a mobile phone, need television for entertainment, there are so many examples.
Electronics has found application in all facets of our lives and briefed in the following ways -
- Consumer Electronics - The most visible aspect of Electronics which includes television, set top boxes, home appliances, office gadgets, storage device and advanced consumer devices.
- Industrial Electronics - Electronics used in equipment control, measurement, processing, automation and power electronics.
- Smart Grid - Electronics for power distribution and optimization
- Medical Electronics - Electronics used in patient health, care and diagnostics.
Important Electronics Concepts
Some of the important concepts in Electronics include –
- Capacitance - They are the basic parameters associated with electrical and electronic circuits. Capacitance is linked to the storage of electrical charge by capacitors.
- Resistance - It is the hindrance to the flow of electrons in material.
- Inductance - It refers to storing energy in the magnetic field created by the flow of electrical current.
- Ohms Law - Ohm's Law is the most fundamental law linking current, voltage and resistance.
Who should take the Electronics Exam?
Certificate in
Electronics is designed for professionals aspiring to make a career in
Electronics. The certification is suitable for Students, Engineers,
Biomedical Engineers, Aerospace Engineers, Computer Hardware Engineers,
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technicians, Electro-mechanical
Technicians and Sales Engineers. Also, the Certificate in Electronics
can be taken by professionals who are looking forward to acquire a solid
foundation in Electronics Industry.
Electronics Exam Objectives
Electronics exam tests your skills in various electronics devices consisting of diodes, BJT, MOSFET, OpAmp and digital circuits.
Electronics Exam Prerequisite
Electronics exam has no prerequisite
Electronics Certification Course Outline
The Electronics Certification exam covers the following topics -
1. Introduction to Signals and Spectra
This topic briefly introduces the concepts of data , information and signals. It further describes base band signals followed by the types of signals. Finally it presents a brief description on spectrum of signals and the frequency spectrum in general.
2. Amplifiers
This topic initially presents an introduction to a very important
concept of amplification and amplifier circuit. Further a few parameters
those characterize and quantify the performance of an amplifier have
been defined. Four types rather models of amplifiers have been presented
based on their input and output signal. Finally frequency response and
bandwidth of an amplifier has been discussed in brief.
3. Semiconductor Diodes
Starting from the background of the device diode, the topic continues to
basics of semiconductors, formation of the semiconductor diode, theory
of practical and ideal diode. It is then concluded with applications
like rectifiers and clipping and clamping circuits.
4. Bipolar Junction Transistor
This topic briefly introduces the concepts of basic BJT theory using the
concepts of pn junction diodes. It further describes modes of operation
of transistors, its characteristic in different modes, Dc analysis of
transistor circuits. AC analysis of different amplifier circuits using
their h parameter models is presented in brief. Adequate analysis
problems have been presented to support the theory
5. MOSFET
In most of the advanced electronic circuits and systems the MOSFET is
used as an active device or switch instead of BJTs. This topic
introduces MOSFETs and its basic theory along with primary circuit
analysis to the readers. Starting with highlighting the limitations of
BJTs or TTL circuits, the topic proceeds to MOSFET structure, types,
symbols, basic operations and it’s characteristics. For using the
device in practical systems, its appropriate biasing is very much
necessary. Once the MOSFET is appropriately biased, the circuit becomes
ready to process a signal input. Amplification is the most common
application of MOSFETs in analog domain. So we present basic concept of
amplifier using MOSFET. The three categories of basic MOSFET amplifiers
have been presented in adequate brief in this topic along with their
analysis. Another most important area of MOSFET applications is
electronic switching, rather if one says, “the switching applications of
the transistors are the root of modern digital electronic revolution”,
it won’t be an exaggeration. Finally, switching application of MOSFET is
introduced in brief
6. Operational Amplifier
This topic briefly introduces the concepts of differential amplifiers
followed by its most popular integrated circuit form called operational
amplifiers or OPAMPs. In fact, initially operational amplifier was
considered as a building block for implementing some mathematical
operations like addition, summation, differentiation and integration in
analogue computers. However, soon it was noticed that it can be used for
many other applications besides computations and amplification. Now it
is possibly the most frequently used analogue integrated circuit for
implementing a broad range of analogue circuit applications. The basic
concept of OPAMP is an enhanced form of a differential amplifier. Thus
initially we introduce differential amplifier in brief. Further the
concept and general block diagram of an OPAMP is introduced along with
its characterizing parameters. The OPAMP can be used in two
configurations i.e. open loop and closed loop. Though applications
designed around open loop configuration i.e. without feedback, are
comparatively less in number, closed loop configuration enjoys wide
popularity among analogue electronic circuit design. Also the circuit
applications can be categorized as linear applications like amplifiers,
integrators and differentiators and not linear applications like
precision rectifiers and logarithmic amplifiers.
7. Introduction to Digital Circuits
In earlier topics, BJT and MOSFET characteristics were revisited. BJT
and MOSFET applications were categorized in two types as linear
applications like amplifiers and switching applications those are
foundation of digital electronics. Finally for studying the
representation of voltage levels in analog systems, the decimal number
counting system was demonstrated with an algorithmic approach to count
generation. But the digital circuits and systems use system with only
two symbols 0 and 1 i.e. binary system. It was discussed that the
digital systems are more immune to noise as compared to analog systems,
though the implementation procedure may require complex integrated
circuits. Finally, a brief comparison of analog and digitals systems is
presented
8. Number Systems
Number systems are numerical mathematical counting or measuring tools.
Different number systems are used for counting different entities. The
most popular and frequently used number system in human day to day life
is the decimal number system. Decimal number system is used throughout
the world for domestic counting purposes. For example, the whole
currency system uses the decimal system and we have 1 (one) rupee, 10
(ten) rupees, 100 (hundred) rupees etc. On the other hand, for counting
time, we use a system that uses decimal number symbols but with
different counting style. After counting 60 seconds, we count one minute
and after counting 60 such minutes, we count one hour. Twelve such
hours mark day time and twenty four such hours mark a complete day and
counting proceeds to week, month and year etc. Finally, it is obvious
that for counting every entity we require a number system. But for
counting different objects and entities different number systems may be
required. We have already discussed basis concepts of number systems in
the first chapter with an example of decimal number system. We have also
discussed a number system to represent functioning of digital systems
that has only two voltage levels defined in it; namely binary system. It
is quiet clear that a number system is basically characterized by its
set of symbols and its base.
9. Combinatorial Logic Systems
This topic introduces basic digital logic circuits those are used as
building blocks for implementing complex digital circuits and systems.
As already discussed, in the eighth topic, these circuits may be
implemented using either BJTs or MOSFETs. Before actually starting the
study of logic circuits, they are explained using analogous electrical
circuits for clear conceptual understanding.
10. Logic Expression and Minimisation
In the ninth topic, we have studied basic digital logic gates circuits
like NOT, AND, OR. The outputs of these circuits (represented by Y) are
some specific functions of inputs or outputs represented by A and B. It
is to be noted here that in all those digital circuits the input or
output represented by A, B and Y can assume only two values i.e. 0 or 1.
Thus, in a limited sense A, B and Y (or inputs and outputs of digital
circuits) are called variables. As already studied in the topic, the
output variables can be expressed as functions of input variables using
the characteristic equations of each basic digital logic circuit. These
equations are called Boolean equations and the related mathematics is
called Boolean Algebra after a mathematician George Bool.
11. Combinatorial Logic Modules
This topic introduces a few most commonly used combinational logic
blocks for designing practical digital circuits and systems. All these
combinational logic blocks use basic logic for their implementation and
they are available in commercial integrated circuit packages with
different specifications.
- Decoders
- Encoders
- Multiplexers
- Demultiplexers
- Half Adder
- Full Adder
12. Sequential Logic Systems
So far we have studied digital logic circuits of which the outputs are
Boolean functions of their current inputs. The outputs of these circuits
are not functions of the earlier inputs or outputs. Such circuits are
called combinational logic circuits. Sequential systems are the systems
in which the output depends not only on the current inputs but also on
the current and may be many earlier outputs. Initially, we introduce the
basic concept of sequential systems as finite state machines. Further,
two types of the state machines named Moore and Mealy machines have been
presented in brief. The sequential machines require memory elements to
store the earlier state(s) of outputs. So we introduce a basic latch as a
memory element that can hold data.
13. Programmable Logic Devices
Programmable logic devices are of high importance not only as
non-volatile memory devices but also as digital hardware building
components. In this topic, we discuss some basic types of programmable
logic devices and further present their applications in digital hardware
design.
- Certification name – Certificate in Electronics
- Exam duration – 60 minutes
- Exam type - Multiple Choice Questions
- Eligibility / pre-requisite - None
- Exam language - English
- Exam format - Online
- Passing score - 25
- Exam Fees - INR 1199