Kubernetes Practice Exam
Kubernetes is an open-source software for automating the deployment,
scaling, and management of containerized applications. It provides a
robust container orchestration system that allows users to easily
deploy, scale, and manage containerized applications across clusters of
machines. Kubernetes abstracts the underlying infrastructure, providing a
consistent and standardized way to deploy and manage applications,
regardless of the environment. It offers features such as automatic
scaling, self-healing, and rolling updates, making it ideal for managing
complex containerized workloads in production environments.
Why is Kubernetes important?
- Container Orchestration: Kubernetes provides robust container orchestration capabilities, allowing users to manage and scale containerized applications efficiently.
- Automation: Kubernetes automates many manual tasks involved in deploying and managing containerized applications, reducing human error and improving efficiency.
- Scalability: Kubernetes can automatically scale applications based on resource usage, ensuring optimal performance and resource utilization.
- High Availability: Kubernetes ensures high availability of applications by automatically restarting containers that fail and distributing traffic among healthy containers.
- Resource Management: Kubernetes provides tools for monitoring and managing resource usage, allowing users to optimize resource allocation and reduce costs.
- Portability: Kubernetes provides a platform-agnostic framework, enabling applications to run consistently across different environments, from on-premises to the cloud.
- Ecosystem: Kubernetes has a rich ecosystem of tools and services, making it easier for developers to integrate Kubernetes into their workflows and leverage additional functionalities.
- Community Support: Kubernetes has a large and active community of developers and users, providing support, sharing best practices, and contributing to the continuous improvement of the platform.
- Future-proofing: Kubernetes has become the de facto
standard for container orchestration, making it essential for
organizations looking to modernize their infrastructure and adopt
cloud-native practices.
Who should take the Kubernetes Exam?
- DevOps Engineer
- Cloud Engineer
- Site Reliability Engineer (SRE)
- Kubernetes Administrator
- Containerization Engineer
- Software Engineer/Senior Software Engineer
Candidates taking the certification exam on Kubernetes are typically evaluated for the following skills:
- Kubernetes Architecture
- Installation and Configuration
- Pods and Deployments
- Services and Networking
- Storage
- Security
- Monitoring and Logging
- Resource Management
- Troubleshooting
- Automation
- Integration
Kubernetes Architecture
- Cluster architecture
- Master and node components
- etcd and API server
Installation and Configuration
- Installation methods (kubeadm, kops, etc.)
- Cluster configuration
- Networking setup (CNI plugins)
Pods and Containers
- Pod creation and management
- Container runtime integration (Docker, containerd)
- Multi-container pods
Deployments and ReplicaSets
- Deployment creation and management
- Rolling updates and rollbacks
- Horizontal pod autoscaling
Services and Networking
- Service types (ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer)
- Service discovery and DNS
- Network policies
Storage
- Persistent volume creation and management
- Storage classes
- Volume snapshots
Configuration and Secrets
- ConfigMaps and Secrets
- Environment variables
- Pod and container configuration
Security
- Role-based access control (RBAC)
- Network policies
- Pod security policies
Monitoring and Logging
- Monitoring with Prometheus
- Logging with Elasticsearch and Fluentd
- Metrics and logs retrieval
Resource Management
- Resource requests and limits
- QoS classes
- Pod priority and preemption
Cluster Maintenance
- Node maintenance
- Cluster upgrades
- Backup and restore
Troubleshooting
- Debugging pods and containers
- Inspecting cluster components
- Common cluster issues
Networking
- Network architecture
- DNS and service discovery
- Network policies
Custom Resource Definitions (CRDs)
- CRD creation and management
- Custom controllers
- Operator pattern
Helm and Package Management
- Helm chart creation and management
- Chart repositories
- Helm CLI commands
Continuous Integration and Deployment (CI/CD)
- Integration with CI/CD pipelines
- GitOps practices
- Automated deployments
Cluster Security
- Secure cluster setup
- Authentication and authorization
- Pod and network security policies
Scalability and Performance
- Horizontal and vertical scaling
- Performance tuning
- Load testing
Backup and Restore
- Backup strategies
- Restore processes
- Disaster recovery planning
Best Practices and Use Cases
- Kubernetes best practices
- Use cases for Kubernetes
- Real-world scenarios and examples